Dependent Origination (12 links of Dependent Arising)

 

#
Pali (Sanskrit)
Usual Translation
Other Reference
Remarks
1
Avijja (Avidya) Ignorance  

Lack of wisdom, which is

the root of all evils.

Obscuration as to self

of persons and self of

phenomena.

2
Sankhara (Samskara)

Karma

formations

Compositional

action

Wholesome or

unwholesome  thoughts,

speech and bodily  deeds.

3
Vinnana (Vijnana) Conciousness  

Normally 6 consciousnesses

but is taken as 8 in the

Yoga cara School.

4
Nama-rupa Name & form

Corporeality

& mentality

Mental & physical

existence.

4 mental aggregates and

one  physical body.

5
Ayatana (Shadayatana) Six bases

Six sense

organs/spheres

Eye, ear, nose, tongue,

touch  and mental faculty.

6
Phassa (Sparsha)

Sense

impression

Contact

A mental factor and

period in  which the

objects,

sense power/organ and

conciousness  come

together,

causing one to distinguish

an object as pleasurable,

painful or neutral.

7
Vedana Feeling Sensation

Posited as a mental factor

that experiences pleasure,

pain and neutral feeling.

Pleasure  leads to a strong

desire for more  while pain

an avoidance  desire.

8
Tanha (Trishna) Craving Attachment

A mental factor that

increases

desire but without any

satisfaction.

9
Upadana Clinging Grasping

A stronger degree of

desire.

4 basic varieties: desired

objects,  views of self, bad

system of ethics  and

conduct; and other

bad views.

10

Bhava

(Bjava)

Process

of

becoming

Existence

A period lasting from

the time of  fully

potentialised karma up

to the  beginning of

next lifetime.

11 Jati Rebirth    
12 Jara-marana (Jaramaranam)

Ageing

& Death

Decay

& Death

 

Notes:

Links 1, 2, 8, 9 and 10 are the five karmic causes of rebirths.
Links 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are the five karmic results in the rounds of rebirths.

This doctrine is interpreted in various ways and levels:

  • The Theravada tradition uses it to explain the arising of sufferings; that all composite existence is without substantiality. This doctrine is then used the basis for the negation of self.
  • In the Mahayana, condition arising is further interpreted to validate the unreality of existence by reason of its relativity.
  • Madhyamika School equates this doctrine with shunyata (emptiness). Condition arising is taken to show that because of their relativity, appearances have only empirical validity and are ultimately unreal.
  • In the Yogacara view, only true understanding of this doctrine can overcome the error of taking what does not exist for existent and what does exist for nonexistent.
  • The Prajnaparamita Sutras stresses that this doctrine does not refer to a temporal succession but rather to the essential interdependence of all things.

Sources of compilation:

  • The Meaning of Life; The Dalai Lama, Wisdom Publications 92
  • The Shambhala Dictionary of Buddhism and Zen; Shambhala Pubn 91
  • Living Dharma; Jack Kornfield, Shambhala Pubn 96
  • Buddhist Dictionary; Nyanatiloka, Singapore Buddhist Meditation Centre 91
 
[Compiled by Tan Swee Eng]

 

Source: buddhanet.net

Monday June 13, 2022
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